配置

创建WebClient最简单的方式是通过其中一个静态工厂方法：

  • WebClient.create()

  • WebClient.create(String baseUrl)

您也可以使用WebClient.builder()来进一步设置选项：

  • uriBuilderFactory: 自定义UriBuilderFactory作为基本URL。

  • defaultUriVariables: 在扩展URI模板时使用的默认值。

  • defaultHeader: 每个请求的标头。

  • defaultCookie: 每个请求的Cookie。

  • defaultRequest: 自定义每个请求的Consumer。

  • filter: 每个请求的客户端过滤器。

  • exchangeStrategies: HTTP消息读取器/写入器的自定义。

  • clientConnector: HTTP客户端库设置。

  • observationRegistry: 用于启用可观测性支持的注册表。

  • observationConvention: 用于提取记录观测数据的可选自定义约定。

例如：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

WebClient client = WebClient.builder()
		.codecs(configurer -> ... )
		.build();
val webClient = WebClient.builder()
		.codecs { configurer -> ... }
		.build()

构建完成后，WebClient是不可变的。但是，您可以克隆它并构建修改后的副本，如下所示：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

WebClient client1 = WebClient.builder()
		.filter(filterA).filter(filterB).build();

WebClient client2 = client1.mutate()
		.filter(filterC).filter(filterD).build();

// client1有filterA, filterB

// client2有filterA, filterB, filterC, filterD
val client1 = WebClient.builder()
		.filter(filterA).filter(filterB).build()

val client2 = client1.mutate()
		.filter(filterC).filter(filterD).build()

// client1有filterA, filterB

// client2有filterA, filterB, filterC, filterD

MaxInMemorySize

编解码器在内存中缓冲数据时具有限制，以避免应用程序内存问题。默认情况下，这些限制设置为256KB。如果这不够，您将收到以下错误：

org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBufferLimitException: Exceeded limit on max bytes to buffer

要更改默认编解码器的限制，请使用以下方法：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

WebClient webClient = WebClient.builder()
		.codecs(configurer -> configurer.defaultCodecs().maxInMemorySize(2 * 1024 * 1024))
		.build();
val webClient = WebClient.builder()
		.codecs { configurer -> configurer.defaultCodecs().maxInMemorySize(2 * 1024 * 1024) }
		.build()

Reactor Netty

要自定义 Reactor Netty 设置，请提供预配置的 HttpClient：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.create().secure(sslSpec -> ...);

WebClient webClient = WebClient.builder()
		.clientConnector(new ReactorClientHttpConnector(httpClient))
		.build();
val httpClient = HttpClient.create().secure { ... }

val webClient = WebClient.builder()
	.clientConnector(ReactorClientHttpConnector(httpClient))
	.build()

资源

默认情况下，HttpClient 参与全局 Reactor Netty 资源，包括事件循环线程和连接池。这是推荐的模式，因为固定的、共享的资源更适合事件循环并发。在此模式下，全局资源保持活动状态直到进程退出。

如果服务器与进程同步，通常不需要显式关闭。但是，如果服务器可以在进程内启动或停止（例如，作为 WAR 部署的 Spring MVC 应用程序），您可以声明一个类型为 ReactorResourceFactory 的 Spring 管理的 bean，其中 globalResources=true（默认值）以确保在 Spring ApplicationContext 关闭时关闭 Reactor Netty 全局资源，如下例所示：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

@Bean
public ReactorResourceFactory reactorResourceFactory() {
	return new ReactorResourceFactory();
}
@Bean
fun reactorResourceFactory() = ReactorResourceFactory()

您还可以选择不参与全局 Reactor Netty 资源。但是，在此模式下，您需要确保所有 Reactor Netty 客户端和服务器实例使用共享资源，如下例所示：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

@Bean
public ReactorResourceFactory resourceFactory() {
	ReactorResourceFactory factory = new ReactorResourceFactory();
	factory.setUseGlobalResources(false); (1)
	return factory;
}

@Bean
public WebClient webClient() {

	Function<HttpClient, HttpClient> mapper = client -> {
		// 进一步的自定义...
	};

	ClientHttpConnector connector =
			new ReactorClientHttpConnector(resourceFactory(), mapper); (2)

	return WebClient.builder().clientConnector(connector).build(); (3)
}
1 创建独立于全局资源的资源。
2 使用带有资源工厂的 ReactorClientHttpConnector 构造函数。
3 将连接器插入 WebClient.Builder 中。 
@Bean
fun resourceFactory() = ReactorResourceFactory().apply {
	isUseGlobalResources = false (1)
}

@Bean
fun webClient(): WebClient {

	val mapper: (HttpClient) -> HttpClient = {
		// 进一步的自定义...
	}

	val connector = ReactorClientHttpConnector(resourceFactory(), mapper) (2)

	return WebClient.builder().clientConnector(connector).build() (3)
}
1 创建独立于全局资源的资源。
2 使用带有资源工厂的 ReactorClientHttpConnector 构造函数。
3 将连接器插入 WebClient.Builder 中。

超时

要配置连接超时：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;

HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.create()
		.option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, 10000);

WebClient webClient = WebClient.builder()
		.clientConnector(new ReactorClientHttpConnector(httpClient))
		.build();
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption

val httpClient = HttpClient.create()
		.option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, 10000);

val webClient = WebClient.builder()
		.clientConnector(ReactorClientHttpConnector(httpClient))
		.build();

要配置读取或写入超时：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.WriteTimeoutHandler;

HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.create()
		.doOnConnected(conn -> conn
				.addHandlerLast(new ReadTimeoutHandler(10))
				.addHandlerLast(new WriteTimeoutHandler(10)));

// 创建 WebClient...
import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler
import io.netty.handler.timeout.WriteTimeoutHandler

val httpClient = HttpClient.create()
		.doOnConnected { conn -> conn
				.addHandlerLast(ReadTimeoutHandler(10))
				.addHandlerLast(WriteTimeoutHandler(10))
		}

// 创建 WebClient...

要为所有请求配置响应超时：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.create()
		.responseTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(2));

// 创建 WebClient...
val httpClient = HttpClient.create()
		.responseTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(2));

// 创建 WebClient...

要为特定请求配置响应超时：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

WebClient.create().get()
		.uri("https://example.org/path")
		.httpRequest(httpRequest -> {
			HttpClientRequest reactorRequest = httpRequest.getNativeRequest();
			reactorRequest.responseTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(2));
		})
		.retrieve()
		.bodyToMono(String.class);
WebClient.create().get()
		.uri("https://example.org/path")
		.httpRequest { httpRequest: ClientHttpRequest ->
			val reactorRequest = httpRequest.getNativeRequest<HttpClientRequest>()
			reactorRequest.responseTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
		}
		.retrieve()
		.bodyToMono(String::class.java)

JDK HttpClient

以下示例展示了如何自定义JDK HttpClient：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
    .followRedirects(Redirect.NORMAL)
    .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20))
    .build();

ClientHttpConnector connector =
        new JdkClientHttpConnector(httpClient, new DefaultDataBufferFactory());

WebClient webClient = WebClient.builder().clientConnector(connector).build();
val httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
    .followRedirects(Redirect.NORMAL)
    .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20))
    .build()

val connector = JdkClientHttpConnector(httpClient, DefaultDataBufferFactory())

val webClient = WebClient.builder().clientConnector(connector).build()

Jetty

以下示例展示了如何自定义Jetty HttpClient设置：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
httpClient.setCookieStore(...);

WebClient webClient = WebClient.builder()
		.clientConnector(new JettyClientHttpConnector(httpClient))
		.build();
val httpClient = HttpClient()
httpClient.cookieStore = ...

val webClient = WebClient.builder()
		.clientConnector(JettyClientHttpConnector(httpClient))
		.build();

默认情况下，HttpClient会创建自己的资源（Executor、ByteBufferPool、Scheduler），这些资源会保持活动状态直到进程退出或调用stop()方法。

您可以在多个Jetty客户端（和服务器）实例之间共享资源，并通过声明一个Spring管理的JettyResourceFactory类型的bean来确保在Spring ApplicationContext关闭时关闭资源，如下例所示：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

@Bean
public JettyResourceFactory resourceFactory() {
	return new JettyResourceFactory();
}

@Bean
public WebClient webClient() {

	HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
	// 进一步定制...

	ClientHttpConnector connector =
			new JettyClientHttpConnector(httpClient, resourceFactory()); (1)

	return WebClient.builder().clientConnector(connector).build(); (2)
}
1 使用带有资源工厂的JettyClientHttpConnector构造函数。
2 将连接器插入WebClient.Builder中。 
@Bean
fun resourceFactory() = JettyResourceFactory()

@Bean
fun webClient(): WebClient {

	val httpClient = HttpClient()
	// 进一步定制...

	val connector = JettyClientHttpConnector(httpClient, resourceFactory()) (1)

	return WebClient.builder().clientConnector(connector).build() (2)
}
1 使用带有资源工厂的JettyClientHttpConnector构造函数。
2 将连接器插入WebClient.Builder中。

HttpComponents

以下示例展示了如何自定义Apache HttpComponents HttpClient设置：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

HttpAsyncClientBuilder clientBuilder = HttpAsyncClients.custom();
clientBuilder.setDefaultRequestConfig(...);
CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = clientBuilder.build();

ClientHttpConnector connector = new HttpComponentsClientHttpConnector(client);

WebClient webClient = WebClient.builder().clientConnector(connector).build();
val client = HttpAsyncClients.custom().apply {
	setDefaultRequestConfig(...)
}.build()
val connector = HttpComponentsClientHttpConnector(client)
val webClient = WebClient.builder().clientConnector(connector).build()