使用@Primary进行注解驱动的自动装配微调

由于按类型自动装配可能会导致多个候选项，通常需要更多控制选择过程。一种实现这一目的的方式是使用Spring的@Primary注解。@Primary表示当多个bean候选项自动装配到单值依赖时，应优先考虑特定的bean。如果候选项中恰好存在一个主要bean，则它将成为自动装配的值。

考虑以下配置，将firstMovieCatalog定义为主要的MovieCatalog：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

@Configuration
public class MovieConfiguration {

	@Bean
	@Primary
	public MovieCatalog firstMovieCatalog() { ... }

	@Bean
	public MovieCatalog secondMovieCatalog() { ... }

	// ...
}
@Configuration
class MovieConfiguration {

	@Bean
	@Primary
	fun firstMovieCatalog(): MovieCatalog { ... }

	@Bean
	fun secondMovieCatalog(): MovieCatalog { ... }

	// ...
}

在上述配置中，以下MovieRecommender将使用firstMovieCatalog进行自动装配：

  • Java

  • Kotlin

public class MovieRecommender {

	@Autowired
	private MovieCatalog movieCatalog;

	// ...
}
class MovieRecommender {

	@Autowired
	private lateinit var movieCatalog: MovieCatalog

	// ...
}

相应的bean定义如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<context:annotation-config/>

	<bean class="example.SimpleMovieCatalog" primary="true">
		<!-- inject any dependencies required by this bean -->
	</bean>

	<bean class="example.SimpleMovieCatalog">
		<!-- inject any dependencies required by this bean -->
	</bean>

	<bean id="movieRecommender" class="example.MovieRecommender"/>

</beans>